How to Test the Percentage of Water in Glycol

How to Test the Percentage of Water in Glycol
Glycols are a class of organic chemicals that have two hydroxyl groups (OH). Glycols are part of the alcohol family and have unique characteristics. Ethylene glycol (commonly used as antifreeze) is the simplest glycol, having two carbon atoms and two hydroxyl groups. Ethylene glycol has a boiling point of 387 degrees Fahrenheit (F) and has an affinity for water. To purify ethylene glycol and determine the percentage of water requires distillation. Once the glycol is distilled and the effluent (water) is measured, a concentration percentage of water in the glycol can be found.

Instructions
1
Pour 2.5 fluid ounces (75 mL) of ethylene glycol into the beaker and weigh on the digital scale. Write down the weight in ounces and call that value M-1.

2
Place the beaker on the heating plate and insert the thermometer leads into the ethylene glycol. Turn the heating plate control to the mid-point and record the temperature every 10 minutes.



3.Observe the temperature and ensure it rises to 250 degrees F. Adjust the heating plate control to reach the target temperature. Water boils off at 212 degrees F and ethylene glycol boils at 387 degrees F. Boiling the solution at a temperature above 212 F is a simple separation technique that separates the water with a lower boiling point from the the glycol with a higher boiling point. Ensure the target temperature of 250 F remains steady for 30 minutes.

4
Weigh the beaker on the digital scale, write down the weight in ounces and label that value M-2.

5
Divide M-2 by M-1 and subtract that value from 1.0. Multiply this value by 100 to determine the percentage of water in the glycol. For example, if M-1 was 50 ounces and M-2 was 39 ounces, then 1-(M-2/M-1) x 100 would equal 22% water. Use a calculator to check your work.


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